Associations of dietary patterns with bone density and fractures in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objectives: Although nutrition is important to bone health, the impact of different dietary patterns on density fracture unclear. The aim this study was synthesise conflicting evidence from observational studies determine associations empirically derived with in healthy adults. Method: A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42017071676) meta-analysis where possible (for hip fracture) otherwise best-evidence synthesis. Results: Twenty-one were included synthesis four meta-analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated a protective association between 'healthy' pattern score (risk ratio 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.96; I2 = 95%) for highest compared lowest category. In synthesis, there both scores at all sites total fractures 'Western' fracture. No reported detrimental effects patterns, or beneficial patterns. Discussion: results suggest that general practitioners promoting is, worst, unlikely be health and, best, may reduce